اثر نوآوری و توسعه مالی بر انتشار دی اکسیدکربن

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه آیت ا... بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کنفرانس آب و هوای پاریس، کشورها را متعهد میکند تا از طریق مشارکتهای تعیینشده ملی در کاهش گرمایش جهانی مشارکت کنند و از کشورها خواستار کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانهای برای بهبود کیفیت محیطی است. با درک اهمیت نوآوری و توسعه بخش مالی برای کیفیت محیط زیست، چندین کشور به شناسایی راه‌هایی برای بهبود کیفیت محیط زیست پرداخته‌اند با این حال، ارتباط نوآوری، توسعه مالی و آلودگی هنوز مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است.‌ نتایج گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته پانلی با تکیه بر داده‌های 31 کشور منتخب جهان در بازه زمانی 2021-1990 نشان داد که نوآوری آلودگی محیط زیست را افزایش میدهد. بنابراین، نوآوری افراطی و افسارگسیخته فراتر از یک نقطه خاص ممکن است برای محیط زیست ناسالم باشد و نشان می‌دهد که ممکن است سطح آستانه بالقوه نوآوری وجود داشته باشد که فراتر از آن تأثیر نوآوری تغییر می‌کند. برای این سطح آستانه احتمالی مربع نوآوری در معادله کیفیت محیطی گنجانده می‌شود. با این حال، ضریب مجذور نوآوری بی‌معنی است. در حالی که توسعه مالی آلودگی را کاهش می دهد. ضریب عبارت تعاملی ضربی نیز منفی است و نشان می‌دهد که در حالی که توسعه مالی تخریب محیط زیست را کاهش می‌دهد، سطح بالاتری از نوآوری‌ها تاثیر مخرب مالی بر انتشار کربن را کاهش می‌دهد. تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه واقعی، شهرنشینی و باز بودن تجاری نیز به طور منفی با انتشار CO2 مرتبط هستند. از سوی دیگر، سرمایه انسانی تأثیر معناداری بر انتشار CO2 ندارد. در همین راستا دولت‌ها باید با حمایت از تولید و مصرف، صرفه‌جویی در بخش انرژی با بکارگیری انرژی خورشیدی و توسعه حمل و نقل عمومی و استفاده از فناوری‌های دوستدار محیط‌زیست در راستای کاهش آلودگی گام بردارند. همچنین دولت‌ها باید مشوق‌های مالیاتی را برای شرکت‌های داخلی و خارجی در نظر بگیرند تا تحقیق و توسعه و بهره‌وری انرژی را به سمت تولیدات کم کربن هدایت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of innovation and financial development on CO2 emissions

نویسندگان [English]

  • younes nademi 1
  • maasoumeh Dalvandi 2
1 Assistant Prof of Economics, Ayatollah Borujerdi University, Borujerd, Iran
2 Msc in Economics, Allameh Tabatabai, University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Paris Climate Conference commits countries to contribute to the reduction of global warming through nationally determined contributions and calls on countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to improve environmental quality. Realizing the importance of innovation and financial sector development for environmental quality, several countries have identified ways to improve environmental quality, however, the relationship between innovation, financial development and pollution has not yet been studied. The results of generalized panel moments based on Data from 31 selected countries in the world in the period of 1990-2021 showed that innovation increases environmental pollution. Therefore, extreme and unbridled innovation beyond a certain point may be unhealthy for the environment, suggesting that there may be a potential threshold level of innovation beyond which the impact of innovation changes. For this possible threshold level, the innovation square is included in the environmental quality equation. However, the squared coefficient of innovation is meaningless. While financial development reduces pollution. The coefficient of the multiplicative interaction term is also negative, indicating that while financial development reduces environmental degradation, a higher level of innovations reduces the destructive effect of finance on carbon emissions. Real GDP per capita, urbanization and trade openness are also negatively related to CO2 emissions. On the other hand, human capital does not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions. On the other hand, human capital does not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions. In this regard, governments should take steps to reduce pollution by supporting production and consumption, saving energy by using solar energy and developing public transportation and using environmentally friendly technologies. Governments should also consider tax incentives for domestic and foreign companies to direct research and development and energy efficiency towards low-carbon production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • innovation
  • CO2 emission
  • Financial development
  • generalized method of moments

مراجع

اصغرپور، حسن؛ بهبودی، داود و محمدی خانقاهی، رباب. (1392). اثرات توسعه اقتصادی و توسعه مالی بر کیفیت محیط زیست در کشورهای منتخب عضو اوپک، فصلنامه اقتصاد محیط زیست و انرژی، 2(6)، 26-1.
باقری، سمانه. (1400). بررسی تاثیر توسعه مالی بر آلودگی محیط زیستی و مصرف انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک، فصلنامه علمی محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی، 6 (72)، 78-63.
داربیدی، مریم؛ دل‌انگیزان، سهراب، فتاحی، شهرام و شریف‌کریمی، محمد. (1399). تاثیر نوآوری بر انتشار آلودگی استان‌های ایران در چارچوب منحنی زیست محیطی کوزنتس (رهیافت اقتصاد سنجی فضایی)، نظریه‌های کاربردی اقتصاد، 7(3)، 98-71.
مهدوی، ابوالقاسم و امیربابایی، سونای. (1394). بررسی اثر توسعه مالی برکیفیت محیط زیست در ایران، پژوهش‌های رشد و توسعه پایدار، 15(4)، 23-1.
Abbasi, F., Raiz, K. (2016). CO2 emissions and financial development in an emerging economy: an augmented VAR approach. Energy Policy, 90, 102–114. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.017.
Abid, M. (2017). Does economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental quality? A comparative analysis of EU and MEA countries. J. Environ. Manag, 188, 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.007.
Ahmad, M., Khattak, S.I., Khan, A., Rahman, Z.U. (2020). Innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the energy–pollution–growth nexus in OECD region: a simultaneous equation modeling approach. Environ. Ecol. Stat, 27, 203–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651–020–00442–8.
Aldieri, L., Bruno, B., Vinci, C.P. (2019). Does environmental innovation make us happy? An empirical investigation. Soc. Econ. Plann. Sci, 67, 166–172. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.seps.2018.10.008.
Al–Mulali, U., Sab, C. N. B. C. (2012). The impact of energy consumption and CO2 emission on the economic growth and financial development in the Sub-Saharan African countries. Energy, 39, 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.032.
Aluko, O.A., Opoku, E.E.O., Ibrahim, M. (2020). Investigating the environmental effects of globalization: insights selected industrialized countries. J. Environ. Manag, 281, 111892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111892.
Asgharpourpour, H., Behboodi, D., Mohammadi Khaneghahi, R. (2014). The Effects of Economic and Financial Developments on Environmental Quality; An Empirical Analysis in Selected OPEC Countries. Environmental and Energy Economics Quarterly. 2(6). 1-26. (In Persian).
Bagheri, S. (2021). Effect Financial Development on the Environmental Pollution and Energy Consumption in the OPEC Countries. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Environment and Transsectoral Development. 6(72). 63-78. (In Persian).
Carrion–Flores, C., Innes, R. (2010). Environmental innovation and environmental performance. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 59, 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jeem.2009.05.003.
Charfeddine, L., Kahia, M. (2019). Impact of renewable energy consumption and financial development on CO2 emissions and economic growth in the MENA region: a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) analysis. Renew. Energy. 139, 198–213. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.010.
Cheng, C., Ren, X., Wang, Z. (2019). The impact of renewable energy and innovation on carbon emission: an empirical analysis for OECD countries. Energy Procedia. 158, 3506–3512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.919.
Climate Transparency. (2019). Brown to Green Report (2019).
darbidi, M., delangizan, S., Fatahi, S., Karimi, M. (2020). Impact of Innovation on Pollution Emission of Iranian Provinces in the Framework of Environmental Kuznets Curve (Spatial Econometric Approach). Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 7(3), 71-98. (In Persian).
Dauda, L., Long, X., Mensah, C.N., Salman, M. (2019). The effects of economic growth and innovation on CO2 emissions in different regions. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 26, 15028–15038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04891-y. 
EPA, (2017). Inventory of U.S Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 1990–2015.
Gu, G., Wang, Z. (2018). Research on global carbon abatement driven by R&D investment in the context of INDCs. Energy. 148, 662–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. energy.2018.01.142.
Haug, A.A., Ucal, M. (2019). The role of trade and FDI for CO2 emissions in Turkey: nonlinear relationships. Energy Econ. 81, 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eneco.2019.04.006.
Ibrahim, M., & Vo, X., V. (2021). Exploring the relationships among innovation, financial sector development and environmental pollution in selected industrialized countries. Journal of Environmental Management. 284. 1-15.
Ibrahim, M., Alagidede, P. (2018). Effect of financial development on economic growth in sub–saharan Africa. J. Pol. Model. 40, 1104–1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jpolmod.2018.08.001.
IPCC, (2019). Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, vol. 4. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Geneva.
Jalil, A., Feridun, M. (2011). The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis. Energy Econ. 33, 284–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2010.10.003.
Khattak, S.I., Ahmad, M., Khan, Z.U., Khan, A. (2020). Exploring the impact of innovation, renewable energy consumption, and income on CO2 emissions: new evidence from the BRICS economies. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 27, 13866–13881. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07876-4.
Kumar, S., Managi, S. (2009). Energy price–induced and exogenous technological change: assessing the economic and environmental outcomes. Energy Econ. 31, 334–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2009.05.001.
Levine, R. (2004). Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence. NBER Working Paper 10766.
Levine, R., Loayza, N., Beck, T. (2000). Financial intermediation and growth: causality and causes. J. Monetary Econ. 46, 31–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3932(00) 00017-9.
Mahdavi, A., Amirbabaei, S. (2016). The Effects of Financial Development on the Quality of Environment in Iran (1973 - 2007). The Economic Research (Sustainable Growth and Development). 15 (4) :1-23. (In Persian).
Maranville, S. (1992). Entrepreneurship in business curriculum. J. Educ. 68, 27–31.
Mensah, C.N., Long, X., Boamah, B.K., Bediako, I.A., Dauda, L., Salman, M. (2018). The effect of innovation on CO2 emissions of OECD countries from 1990 to 2014. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 25, 29678–29698, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11356-018-2968-0.
Mushtaq, A., Chen, Z., Din, N.U., Ahmad, B., Zhang, X. (2020). Income inequality, innovation and carbon emission: perspectives on sustainable growth. Economic Research–Ekonomska Istraˇzivanja 33, 769–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1331677x.2020.1734855.
Nasir, M. A., Huynh, T. L. D., Tram, H. T. X. (2019). Role of financial development, economic growth & foreign direct investment in driving climate change: a case of emerging ASEAN. J. Environ. Manag. 242, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2019.03.112.
Nguyen, T. T., Pham, T. A. T., Tram, H. T. X. (2020). Role of information and communication technologies and innovation in driving carbon emissions and economic growth in selected G–20 countries. J. Environ. Manag. 261, 110162. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. jenvman.2020.110162. 
Ozturk, I., Acaravci, A. (2013). The long–run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Econ. 36, 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.025.
Paramati, S.R., Mo, D., Gupta, R. (2017). The effects of stock market growth and renewable energy use on CO2 emissions: evidence from G20 countries. Energy Econ. 66, 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.06.025.
Raiser, K., Naims, H., Bruhn, T. (2017). Corporatization of the climate? Innovation, intellectual property rights, and patents for climate change mitigation. Energy Research and Social Science. 27, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.01.020.
Richard, P. (2010). Financial Instability and CO2 Emissions. GREDI Working Paper No. 10–20.
Sadorsky, P. (2010). The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies. Energy Policy. 38, 2528–2535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enpol.2009.12.048.
Salahuddin, M., Ali, M.I., Vink, N., Gow, J. (2019). The effects of urbanization and globalization on CO2 emissions: evidence from the Sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 26, 2699–2709. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-018-3790-4.
Salahuddin, M., Gow, J., Ozturk, I. (2015). Is the long–run relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and financial development in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries robust? Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 51, 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.005. 
Santra, S. (2017). The effect of technological innovation on production–based energy and CO2 emission productivity: evidence from BRICS countries. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 9, 503–512. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/20421338.2017.1308069. 
Schumpeter, J. A. (1911). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Shahbaz, M. (2013). Does financial instability increase environmental degradation? Fresh evidence from Pakistan. Econ. Modell. 33, 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. econmod.2013.04.035.
Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Muzaffar, A.T., Ahmed, K., Jabran, M.A. (2016). How urbanization affects CO2 emissions in Malaysia? The application of STIRPAT model. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 57, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rser.2015.12.096.
Shahbaz, M., Nasir, M. A., Roubaud, D. (2018). Environmental degradation in France: the effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations. Energy Econ. 74, 843–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.07.020.
Shahbaz, M., Solarin, S.A., Mahmood, H., Arouri, M. (2013b). Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis. Econ. Modell. 35, 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.06.037. 
Shahbaz, M., Tiwari, A.K., Nasir, M. (2013a). The effects of financial development, economic growth, coal consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions in South Africa. Energy Policy. 61, 1452–1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.006.
Su, H.N., Moaniba, I. M. (2017). Does innovation respond to climate change? Empirical evidence from patents and greenhouse gas emissions. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change. 122, 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.017. 
Tamazian, A., Pineiro, J., Vadlamannati, K.C. (2009). Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: evidence from BRIC countries? Energy Policy. 37, 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.08.025.
Tamazian, A., Rao, B. B. (2010). Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies. Energy Econ. 32, 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2009.04.004. 
Wang, Z.H., Yin, F.C., Zhang, Y.X., Zhang, X. (2012). Empirical research on the influencing factors of regional CO2 emissions: evidence from Beijing city, China. Appl. Energy. 100, 227–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.038.
Wurlod, J., Noailly, J. (2016). The Impact of Green Innovation on Energy Intensity: An Empirical Analysis for 14 Industrial Sectors in OECD Countries. CIES Research Paper series. No 42–2016, Geneve. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.eneco.2017.12.012.
Yan, Z., Yi, L., Du, K., Yang, Z. (2017). Impacts of low–carbon innovation and its heterogeneous components on CO2 emissions. Sustainability. 9, 1–14. https://doi. org/10.3390/su9040548.
Yii, K., Geetha, C. (2017). The nexus between technology innovation and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: evidence from Granger causality test. Energy Procedia. 105, 3118–3124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.654. 
Zafar, M.W., Zaidi, S.A.H., Sinha, A., Gedikli, A., Hou, F. (2019). The role of stock market and banking sector development, and renewable energy consumption in carbon emissions: insights from G–7 and N–11 countries. Resour. Pol. 62, 427–436. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.05.003.
 Zhang, Y. J. (2011). The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: an empirical analysis in China. Energy Policy. 39, 2197–2203. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. enpol.2011.02.026.
Zhao, X.L., Ma, Q., Yang, R. (2013). Factors influencing CO2 emissions in China’s power industry: cointegration analysis. Energy Policy 57, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. enpol.2012.11.037.
 
 
فصلنامه مطالعات زیست بوم اقتصاد نوآوری
دوره 3، شماره 2
شهریور 1402
صفحه 1-18

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار