اثر نرخ مشارکت اقتصادی و سرمایه انسانی برتوسعه کارآفرینی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدیر مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور قائن(پارک علم و فناوری خراسان جنوبی)

2 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی سیستم‌های اقتصادی، دانشگاه باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 مدیر مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور طبس، پارک علم و فناوری خراسان جنوبی، طبس، ایران

چکیده

سرمایه انسانی یکی از عوامل کلیدی در توسعه کارآفرینی است. کمبود منابع مالی در کشورهای درحال توسعه، خود اشتغالی را به عنوان یک راهکار برای کاهش بیکاری، رشد اقتصادی و توسعه منطقه‌ای مهم و ضروری می‌داند. در شرایط بحران اقتصادی، توسعه کارآفرینی به عنوان راهکاری موثر برای خروج از بحران و ایجاد اشتغال و رونق اقتصادی توسط دولت‌ها مورد توجه قرار می‌‌گیرد. در این مطالعه، به منظور بررسی اثر نرخ مشارکت اقتصادی و سرمایه انسانی بر توسعه و پایداری فعالیت‌‌های کارآفرینانه از داده‌‌های 20 کشور درحال توسعه طی سال‌‌های 2009-2019 استفاده شده است. با استفاده از داده‌‌های پانل و روش گشتاورهای تعمیم یافته در داده‌‌های پانل رابطه بین متغیرها تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که توسعه انسانی هرچه بیشتر باشد توسعه کار آفرینی بیشتر می‌شود. همچنین، نرخ مشارکت اقتصادی بیشتر، کارآفرینی بیشتر را به دنبال دارد. متغیر تورم اثر مثبت ولی کوچک برشاخص کارافرینی دارد و متغیر رشد اقتصادی اثر منفی و معنی داری بر شاخص کارآفرینی دارد. بنابراین طبق نتایج سرمایه انسانی قوی احتمال موفقیت در راه اندازی کسب و کارها و استفاده از رویکردهای مناسب در مواجه با ریسک‌ها و نوسانات را در پی دارد. مشارکت اقتصادی فزاینده در اقتصاد برای کارآفرینان مزیت‌هایی همچون تنوع در نیروی کار، دسترسی بیشتر به نیروی کار و افزایش قدرت خرید نیروی کار را به دنبال دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Eonomic Participation Rate and Human Capital on Entrepreneurship Development

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheil Vosoughi 1
  • Zahra Ghorbanzadeh 2
  • Seyyed Naser Sajjadi 3
1 Head of incubator/ south khorasan technology park
2 Master's degree in Economic Systems Planning, Bahoner University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 Manager of Tabas Technology Development Center, South Khorasan Science and Technology Park, Tabas, Iran
چکیده [English]

Human capital is one of the key factors in the development of entrepreneurship. The lack of financial resources in developing countries considers self-employment as an important and necessary solution to reduce unemployment, economic growth, and regional development. In the conditions of economic crisis, the development of entrepreneurship is considered by the governments as an effective way to get out of the crisis and create employment and economic prosperity. In this study, to investigate the effect of economic participation rate and human capital on the development and sustainability of entrepreneurial activities, data from 20 developing countries from 2019 to 2009 have been used. Using panel data and the method of generalized moments in panel data, the relationship between variables was analyzed. The research results show that the higher the human development, the higher the entrepreneurship development. Also, a higher economic participation rate leads to more entrepreneurship. The inflation variable has a positive but small effect on the entrepreneurship index, and the economic growth variable has a negative and significant effect on the entrepreneurship index. Therefore, according to the results, strong human capital leads to the possibility of success in starting businesses and using appropriate approaches to face risks and fluctuations. Increasing economic participation in the economy for entrepreneurs brings advantages such as diversity in the workforce, greater access to the workforce, and increased purchasing power of the workforce.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Economic participation rate
  • entrepreneurship
  • human capital
  • inflation
  • government policies
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