شناسایی چالش‌های همکاری شتاب‌دهنده‌ها و کسب‌وکارهای نوپای دیجیتال در ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشکده حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شتاب‌دهنده‌های کسب‌وکارها به ‌عنوان یکی از بازیگران زیست‌ بوم کارآفرینی، نقشی اساسی در رشد و توسعه‌ی کسب‌وکارهای نوپا به ویژه کسب‌وکارهای نوپای دیجیتال ایفا می‌کنند. آن‌ها با ارائه منابع ضروری نظیر حمایت مالی، مشاوره و فرصت‌های شبکه‌سازی به کسب‌وکارها در مراحل اولیه شکل‌گیری کمک می‌نمایند. علی‌رغم مزایایی که شتاب‌دهنده‌ها ارائه می‌دهند، عوامل مختلفی می‌توانند در فرایند همکاری مؤثر با کسب‌وکارهای نوپا چالش‌هایی را ایجاد نمایند. این چالش‌ها روند شتاب‌دهی را پیچیده می‌کنند، که برای مقیاس‌پذیری و موفقیت کسب‌وکارهای نوپا حیاتی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی چالش‌های همکاری میان شتاب‌دهنده‌ها و کسب‌وکارهای نوپای دیجیتال در زیست‌ بوم کارآفرینی ایران انجام پذیرفته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع پژوهش‌های توسعه‌ای-کاربردی و به لحاظ رویکرد، پژوهش اکتشافی کوچک مقیاس با رویکرد قیاسی است. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی است و با استفاده از رویکرد تفسیری صورت پذیرفته است. داده‌های این پژوهش از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با 12 نفر از مدیران شتاب‌دهنده‌ها و کسب‌وکارهای نوپای دیجیتال که در فرایند شتاب‌دهی شرکت داشته‌اند و سپس تحلیل پاسخ‌ها به روش تحلیل مضمون انجام پذیرفته است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که چالش‌های همکاری میان شتاب‌دهنده‌ها و کسب‌وکارهای نوپای دیجیتال را می‌توان در چهار دسته اصلی موانع داخلی شتاب‌دهنده‌ها (23 مورد)، موانع درونی کسب‌وکارهای نوپای دیجیتال (10 مورد)، موانع رابطه‌ای (11 مورد) و موانع محیطی (5 مورد) طبقه‌بندی نمود. با شناخت این موانع و تلاش در جهت رفع آن‌ها، شتاب‌دهنده‌ها می‌توانند اثربخشی خود را افزایش دهند و در نتیجه همکاری‌های بهتری با کسب‌وکارهای نوپا داشته باشند و به توسعه زیست‌ بوم کارآفرینی ایران کمک نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying Collaboration Challenges Between Accelerators and Digital Startups in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armin Khaleghi Forghani 1
  • Hamza Khastar 1
  • Kamyar Darabpoor 2
  • Ali Mansouri 3
1 Business Administration Department, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Accelerators have emerged as pivotal players within entrepreneurial ecosystems, significantly contributing to the growth and development of startups, particularly digital ones. By providing crucial resources like financial support, mentorship, and networking opportunities, accelerators empower startups during their formative stages. However, the effectiveness of these collaborations is often hindered by various challenges. This research delves into these challenges within the context of Iran's entrepreneurial ecosystem. Employing a qualitative research approach, this study utilizes in-depth interviews with twelve managers from both accelerators and digital startups to gain rich insights into the collaborative dynamics. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and categorize the challenges encountered. Findings reveal that the challenges can be broadly classified into four main categories: internal barriers within accelerators, internal barriers within startups, relational barriers between the two parties, and external environmental barriers. The internal challenges within accelerators, for instance, relate to factors such as limited resources, lack of specialized expertise, and bureaucratic constraints. Startups, on the other hand, face challenges such as a lack of experienced founders, inadequate market knowledge, and difficulties in scaling. Relational barriers often stem from misaligned expectations, cultural differences, and communication breakdowns. Finally, environmental barriers include factors such as a lack of supportive government policies and a limited investment ecosystem. By identifying these challenges, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers, accelerator managers, and entrepreneurs. Understanding these barriers is crucial for fostering more effective collaborations and ultimately, enhancing the overall health of Iran's entrepreneurial ecosystem. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on accelerator programs, providing a context-specific analysis of the challenges faced in a developing country setting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digital Startups
  • Accelerator
  • Collaboration barriers
  • Entrepreneurship ecosystem
منابع
خالقی فرقانی، آرمین، شمس، عباس، خواستار، حمزه. (1402). طراحی چارچوب ارزیابی عملکرد شتاب‌دهنده‌های شرکتی با رویکرد کارت امتیازی متوازن. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی، 16(4)، 59-81.
مبینی دهکردی, علی , یدالهی فارسی, جهانگیر , سخدری, کمال و خالقی, آرمین . (1397). شناسایی معیارهای ارزیابی فرصت در شتاب‌دهنده‌ها. مدیریت توسعه فناوری, 6(2), 79-108.
References:
Aerts, K., Matthiessen, L., & Camps, J. (2014). The role of business incubators in fostering entrepreneurship: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1890-1904.
Alänge, S., Steiber, A., & Corvello, V. (2022). Evaluating corporate-startup collaboration: A government perspective. Evaluation and Program Planning, 95, 102176.
Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D., & Wright, M. (2014). Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context. Research policy, 43(7), 1097-1108.
Autio, E., Nambisan, S., Thomas, L. D., & Wright, M. (2018). Digital affordances, spatial affordances, and the genesis of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 72-95.
Banka, M., Chmiel, N., Kostrzewski, M., Marczewska, M., Kowalski, A. M., Sedkiewicz, K., & Salwin, M. (2024). Understanding corporate concerns. Barriers and challenges in corporate–start-up collaboration. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(4), 100388.
Bańka, M., Salwin, M., Marczewska, M., Sychowicz, M., Kłos, J., & Rychlik, S. (2023). Startup accelerators: research directions and gaps. Organizacja i Kierowanie, 192(1), 93-127.
Barrehag, L., Fornell, A., Larsson, G., Mårdström, V., Westergård, V., & Wrackefeldt, S. (2012). Accelerating success: A study of seed accelerators and their defining characteristics (Bachelor's thesis). Chalmers University, Sweden.
Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2020). The startup owner's manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company. John Wiley & Sons.
Bone, J., Allen, O., & Haley, C. (2017). Business incubators and accelerators: The national picture. BEIS Research paper, 7(1).
Bone, J., Gonzalez-Uribe, J., Haley, C., & Lahr, H. (2019). The impact of business accelerators and incubators in the UK.
Borzaga, C., Galera, G., Franchini, B., Chiomento, S., Nogales, R., & Carini, C. (2020). Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe.
Brown, R., & Mason, C. (2017). Looking inside the spiky bits: A critical review and conceptualisation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 11-30.
Checkland, P. (1999). Systems thinking, systems practice.
Checkland, P., & Poulter, J. (2020). Soft systems methodology. Systems approaches to making change: A practical guide, 201-253.
Checkland, P., & Scholes, J. (1999). Soft systems methodology in action. John Wiley & Sons.
Christensen, C., Raynor, M. E., & McDonald, R. (2013). Disruptive innovation (pp. 20151-20111). Brighton, MA, USA: Harvard Business Review.
Clarisse, B., Wright, M., & Van Hove, J. (2015). A look inside accelerators: Building business. Recuperado de https://www. nesta. org. uk/sites/default/files/a_look_inside_accelerators. pdf.
Cohen, S. L., Bingham, C. B., & Hallen, B. L. (2019). The role of accelerator designs in mitigating bounded rationality in new ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 64(4), 810-854.
Cohen, S., & Hochberg, Y. V. (2014). Accelerating startups: The seed accelerator phenomenon.
Cohen, S., Fehder, D. C., Hochberg, Y. V., & Murray, F. (2019). The design of startup accelerators. Research Policy, 48(7), 1781-1797.
Davila, A., Foster, G., He, X., & Shimizu, C. (2020). The rise and growth of accelerators: Venture capitalists’ perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(5), 105984.
Dutta, P. K. (2019). Machine Learning Based User Modeling for Enterprise Security and Privacy Risk Mitigation. Columbia University.
Feld, B. (2020). Startup communities: Building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. John Wiley & Sons.
Feldman, M. P., & Zoller, T. D. (2016). Dealmakers in place: Social capital connections in regional entrepreneurial economies. In Handbook of social capital and regional development (pp. 141-165). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gilbert, J., & Pratt-Adams, S. (2022). Systems thinking and soft systems methodology. In Soft Systems Methodology in Education: Applying a Critical Realist Approach to Research on Teacher Education (pp. 3-34). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Macmillan.
Gordon, P. E. C. (2018). Investigating Innovation Practice: Cross-Disciplinary Studies in International Development. University of California, Berkeley.
Goswami, K., Mitchell, J. R., & Bhagavatula, S. (2018). Accelerator expertise: Understanding the intermediary role of accelerators in the development of the B angalore entrepreneurial ecosystem. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 117-150.
Guzman, J., Murray, F., Stern, S., & Williams, H. (2024). Accelerating innovation ecosystems: The promise and challenges of regional innovation engines. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, 3(1), 9-75.
Hakizimana, S., & Muathe, S. (2023). Digital Kenya: A Key Driver in Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Higher Education. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 3(01), 2770-2782.
Hallen, B. L., Cohen, S. L., & Bingham, C. B. (2020). Do accelerators work? If so, how? Organization Science, 31(2), 378-414.
Hathaway, I. (2016). Accelerating growth: Startup accelerator programs in the United States. Advanced Industry Series, 81.
Hausberg, J. P., & Korreck, S. (2021). Business incubators and accelerators: a co-citation analysis-based, systematic literature review (pp. 39-63). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hochberg, Y. V. (2016). Accelerating entrepreneurs and ecosystems: The seed accelerator model. Innovation policy and the economy, 16(1), 25-51.
Isabelle, D. A. (2013). Key factors affecting a technology entrepreneur's choice of incubator or accelerator. Technology innovation management review, 3(2).
Isenberg, D. J. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard business review, 88(6), 40-50.
Jackson, M. C. (2003). Systems Thinking: Creative Holism for Managers. John Wiley & Sons.
Johnson, S. (2019). Political and Economic Challenges in Start-up Ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(5), 783-809.
Jones, O., Meckel, P., Taylor, D., Jones, O., Meckel, P., & Taylor, D. (2021). Research methods (pp. 77-93). Springer International Publishing.
Kim, J. Y., Aldrich, H. E., & Keister, L. A. (2019). Access (not) denied: The impact of financial, human, and cultural capital on entrepreneurial entry in the United States. Small Business Economics, 52(1), 57-71.
Lee, N., & Jones, P. (2018). A critical analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the UK: A case study of London. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 30(5-6), 512-533.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1988). Criteria for Assessing Naturalistic Inquiries as Reports.
Manyika, J., Chui, M., Brown, B., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Roxburgh, C., & Hung Byers, A. (2011). Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity.
Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. Final report to OECD, Paris, 30(1), 77-102.
Mian, S., Lamine, W., & Fayolle, A. (2016). Technology Business Incubation: An overview of the state of knowledge. Technovation, 50, 1-12.
Mugambi, W. M. (2020). Effect of accelerator programs on business success among technology startups in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University).
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research policy, 48(8), 103773.
Paoloni, P., & Modaffari, G. (2022). Business incubators vs start-ups: a sustainable way of sharing knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(5), 1235-1261.
Pauwels, C., Clarysse, B., Wright, M., & Van Hove, J. (2016). Understanding a new generation incubation model: The accelerator. Technovation, 50, 13-24.
Polo García-Ochoa, C., De Pablos Heredero, C., & Blanco Jiménez, F. J. (2020). How business accelerators impact startup’s performance: Empirical insights from the dynamic capabilities approach. Intangible Capital, 16(3), 107-125.
Rambe, P. (2022). Understanding factors affecting technology entrepreneurship of university-incubated firms (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State).
Rechter, E., & Avnimelech, G. (2023). The Vital Role of Mentoring in Startup Accelerators. Available at SSRN 4454756.
Ries, E. (2011). The lean startup: How today’s entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. Crown Business.
Roberts, E. B., & Malonet, D. E. (1996). Policies and structures for spinning off new companies from research and development organizations#. R & D Management, 26(1), 17-48.
Roberts, P. W., & Lall, S. A. (2021). Observing acceleration: Uncovering the effects of accelerators on impact-oriented entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(1), 106001.
Saxenian, A. (1996). Regional advantage: Culture and competition in silicon valley and route 128, with a new preface by the author. Harvard University Press.
Shane, S. A. (2004). Academic entrepreneurship: University spinoffs and wealth creation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Smith, S. W., & Hannigan, T. J. (2015). Swinging for the fences: How do top accelerators impact the trajectories of new ventures. Druid, 15, 15-17.
Smith, W. K., Gonin, M., & Besharov, M. L. (2020). Managing social-business tensions: A review and research agenda for social enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly, 30(1), 143-178.
Startup Genome. (2022, June 14). The Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2022. startupgenome.com
Vandeweghe, L., Sharapov, D., & Clarysse, B. (2019, August). The accelerator as an organizational form: a review and reconceptualization. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2019, No. 1, p. 12167). Academy of Management.
World Economic Forum. (2020). COVID-19: What you need to know about the coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/covid-19-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-coronavirus-pandemic-on-3-may/
Wright, M., Liesch, F., & Marino, L. (2019). The role of incubators and accelerators in fueling entrepreneurial ecosystems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 140, 58-72.
Wright, M., Siegel, D. S., & Mustar, P. (2017). An emerging ecosystem for student start-ups. Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(4), 909-922.
Yu, S. (2015). The impact of accelerators on high-technology ventures. New York University, Graduate School of Business Administration.
Yu, S. (2020). How do accelerators impact the performance of high-technology ventures? Management Science, 66(2), 530-552.
Zahra, S. A., & Wright, M. (2020). Understanding the social role of entrepreneurship. Journal of Management Studies, 57(8), 1592-1610.